reference n. 1.(对委员、审查人等的)委托;委托项目[范围]。 2.说到,论到,提到。 3.参考;参考书;附注,引证;基准,依据;关系。 4.(关于人品、能力等的)查询,咨询,询商;可供查问的人;证明人,介绍人;(身份、能力等的)证明书,介绍书,服务经历,鉴定书。 5.参看符号〔如 asterisk[*e], obelisk ?, section§, parallel‖, paragraph π等〕 (=reference marks)。 the commission's terms of reference 委员会的职权。 R- was made to me. 提到了我;所指的是我。 You make no reference to your plan in your letter. 你信里没有提到你的计划。 a book of reference=a reference book 参考书。 Who are your references 你的证明人都是谁? bear reference to =have reference to. give a reference to 提到,介绍。 have reference to 和…有关系。 in reference to 关于。 load one's pages with references (在著作中)引用大量参考资料[文献]。 make reference to 说到,涉及,提到;参考;查问;介绍。 with reference to 关于。 without reference to 不管,不论(without reference to age or sex 无论男女老少)。 vt. 加注,附加注脚;给(书等)列出参考书目[注明资料来源]。
paper n. 1.纸;裱墙纸。 2.报纸,报。 3.收据;债券;证券;票据;汇票;钞票(=paper money)。 4.〔pl.〕身份证。 5.〔pl.〕文件,记录;辞呈。 6.论文,论说;考题;答案。 7.〔俚语〕招待券,免费入场券;〔集合词〕免费入场者。 8.〔美俚〕火车票;纸牌。 9.(装有东西的)一纸包,一纸袋,一盒。 10.涂有药的纸。 11.〔俚语〕一小包毒品〔尤指一小包冰毒〕。 a sheet of paper 一张纸。 art paper 铜版纸。 blotting paper 吸墨纸。 brown paper 牛皮纸。 carbon paper 复写纸。 craft paper 牛皮纸。 crape paper 皱纸。 glass paper 砂纸。 manifold paper (打字、复写用)薄纸。 plotting paper 方格纸。 sensitive paper 感光纸。 tracing paper (半透明)描图纸。 a daily paper 日报。 a morning [evening] paper 早[晚]报。 What do the papers say 报纸怎么说? good paper 可靠的支票。 state papers 公文。 value paper 有价证券。 a negotiable paper 流通票据。 collected papers 论文集;旧信文件集。 The house was largely filled with paper. 场内免费来宾拥挤不堪。 a paper of pins 一包针。 commit sth. to paper 把某事记录下来,写下来。 lay paper 使用空头支票[假钞票]。 on paper 纸上;统计上;理论上,名义上。 put pen to paper 开始写,下笔。 send in one's papers (特指陆海军军官)提出辞呈。 set a paper 出考试题目。 walking papers 〔美俚〕解雇通知;(朋友等的)拒绝;要人走开。 adj. -less (信息传播、设计、办公等)不用纸的,无纸的。 adj. 1.纸(做)的。 2.纸上的,假定的。 a paper lantern 灯笼。 a paper war (=paper warfare)笔战,纸上论战。 a paper blockade (只有宣言而无实力的)纸上封锁。 a paper farmer (不懂实际操作的)理论农业家。 a paper army 有名无实的军队。 vt. 1.用纸裱(贴),用纸覆盖,用纸包;(装钉)用纸衬里。 2.为…供给纸张。 3.用砂纸擦。 4.〔俚语〕免费观众充塞〔剧场〕。 5.把…作为平装书出版。 paper a room 用纸裱糊房间。 paper a butterfly 把蝴蝶标本贴到纸上。 vi. 贴糊墙纸。
In a sense , the knowledge of existing digital library information resources development , in essence is only one books " piled up " to the digital books , periodicals , references papers 目前关于知识图书馆的研究主要集中在它的概念、基本智能等方面,关于知识图书馆的知识组织模式还未见系统的研究。
In the second part , the reference papers about the influencing factors of price - earnings ratio at home and abroad are summarized and evaluated . at the basis of previous studies , this dissertation adds and revises many factors affecting price - earnings ratio , then empirically studies the relationship between influencing factors and price - earnings ratio by various statistical methods 其次,对国内外有关市盈率的影响因素的研究状况进行综述和评价,在前人研究的基础之上,本文新增和修正了多个影响市盈率的因素,并通过相关分析、回归分析等多种统计方法对这些因素和市盈率的关系进行了实证研究。
Consequently the wto constituted < annex on telecommunications > for the telecommunication sector , carried on a independent negotiation on basic telecommunications , made terms on some agreements such as < agreement on basic telecommunications services > and < reference paper > , constantly expands the connotation of gats telecommunication rules 有鉴于此, wto专门针对电信服务部门制订了《关于电信服务的附件》 ,还展开了单独的基础电信谈判,达成了《基础电信协议》和《参考文件》等协议和法规,使gats框架下电信规则的内涵不断得以充实。
First classifier chooses two classes whose matching distance between it and paper currency is bigger than others from all class . then in the second stage , we extract some new feature and improve the classifier to generate the last result . in the stage of defect detection for paper currency , we advances a homogeneity based algorithm for the detection of scratch and cracks appearing on paper currency , in which the homogeneity feature of the sensed paper currency image is first constructed to locate the pixels that probably been polluted , the image registration algorithm is subsequently used to overlay the sensed and reference paper currency image 在特征提取中,我们对基于方向块的特征提取方法进行了分析,在此基础上针对美元特点,对图像方向块的划分方式做了研究,并提出了基于几何距离的特征提取方法;在分类器设计中,我们采用了lvq网络对纸币进行学习与分类,并提出了一种具有两层结构的分类算法,第一层首先对输入的特征向量进行粗分类,选定与特征向量匹配距离最大的两类币种,进入第二层分类器;在第二层分类器中,我们通过研究进入该模块两类币种特征块的相关性,重新设计了特征向量,同时对分类器进行改进,最终实现对纸币的分类。
The main content of the agreement is the schedules that committed time schedule and access condition of basic telecommunications services market opening ; the < reference paper > is a annex of < agreement on basic telecommunications services > , which is a common reference use for the members submit telecommunication regulation law environment commitments 协议的主体内容是各国承诺基础电信市场开放时间和市场准入条件的具体承诺减让表; 《参考文件》是《基础电信协议》的附件,是供各方政府在提交电信监管法规环境承诺时参照使用的通用范本。